Leadership and Educational Management

Question: Describe about educational management and leadership? Answer: Introduction Bush (2014) commented on the fact that leaders are the leading people within an organization a d are followed by the employees in order to achieve the goals. Leaders set a crystal clear vision for the employees within the organization for guiding them as well as motivating them. The main objective of leadership is guiding the employees as well as making them understand the position of the organization and the ways employees must work to achieve success both for them and the company (Hejazi, 2014). This assignment deals with the concept maps that takes into account the transformational, instructional, ethical as well as distributed leadership that helps in tackling the organization in a methodical way. Transformational Leadership Figure 1: Concept Model of Transformational Leadership (Source: Basole and Putrevu, 2014, pp. 35) Ethical or Moral Leadership Figure 2: Concept Model of Ethical Leadership (Source: Mey et al. 2014, pp. 75) Instructional or Learner Centered Leadership Figure 3: Concept Model of Instructional Leadership (Source: Bush, 2014, pp.4) Distributed Leadership Figure 4: Concept Model of Distributed Leadership (Source: Hejazi, 2014, pp.5 ) Summarize Transformational Leadership- In this leadership, the leader is responsible for motivating, creating morale as well as for inspiring the followers. The leader following this type of leadership is also accountable for identification of the change that is needed for creating a vision through inspiration (Basole and Putrevu, 2014). This is a model where the leader is focused on increasing both the morale and motivation of the followers. There are basically 4 components in this model that are namely- Idealized Influence- Here the leader is treated as a role to the followers and is also admired by the followers. The followers consider the leader as their idol and try to follow the path that their leader has followed for gaining success (Basole and Putrevu, 2014). Individualized Considerations- In this subpart, it is well explained that the leaders following the transformational leaders show genuine concern regarding the requirements, needs and feelings of the followers. Hejazi (2014) commented on the fact that the key element of this model is related to the personal attention that is given to each of the follower. Inspirational Motivation- In this model, it shows that the leaders following the transformational leadership have the capability to inspire the followers along with motivating them. According to Bush (2014) this charismatic behavior makes the leader followed by a number of followers. Intellectual Stimulation- In intellectual stimulation, the leader inspires the followers to become much more innovative as well as creative. Basole and Putrevu (2014) also had a view that the leaders constantly challenge the followers for higher level of performance. Ethical Leadership- Mey et al. (2014) had commented that in ethical leadership, the leader needs to act and make the decisions ethically as well as lead the team ethically through interaction and attitude. It is taught through ethical leadership that the followers need to be both competent as well as ethical in their approach in order to reach their goals. While carrying out ethical leadership within the organization, the leaders take decisions that are beneficial to the employees and also keep in mind how the taken decisions will be affecting the employees. In this, the leaders convey a complete and accurate information to the employees which in return they receive admiration as well as respect Hejazi (2014). In addition to this, when an organization follows this category of leadership, initially the core values of the company are identified and then the leaders set the tone for conveying the values to the followers. In this, the inner concise is given more priority for making decis ions. The leaders are core responsible for improving their morals along with the morals of their followers to sustain a healthy culture within the organization. Instructional Leadership- In this leadership, the instructor resides with the team of leaders where both adults and students learn for improving the instruction. Here, the leader addresses the socio-economic, linguistic, cultural, as well as learning diversity. Bush (2014) commented that through instructional leadership, the leaders focus on the development, evaluation, recruitment as well as hiring of the employees in the changing environment. Mey et al. (2014) had a view that in this leadership, the leaders ensure that the students or the followers are receiving the best quality training each and every day. Doing this improves the teaching quality of the leaders as well as improves the learning capacity of the students. Distributed Leadership- This type of leadership is highly context specific and is based on the project findings. Hejazi (2014) had an opinion that this kind of leadership works in between the individuals where there is mutual trust as well as respect for the contribution of each other. This is a resultant of the open culture across the institution. According to Bush (2014) in distributed leadership, the leaders act in those situations that are well defined by the actions of other people. Distributed leadership is mainly focused on collaboration among the people and is concerned about dispersion and sharing and is democratic in nature. Here, the leaders interact with the others regarding the structure tools and routine. This leadership style has a flexible approach that has enough capacity for sustaining the improvements in learning as well as teaching. References Basole, R. and Putrevu, J. (2014). On Leadership, Alliance Formation, and Enterprise Transformation. Journal of Enterprise Transformation, 4(1), pp.28-50. Bush, T. (2014). Instructional Leadership in Centralized Contexts: Rhetoric or Reality?. Educational Management Administration Leadership, 42(1), pp.3-5. Hejazi, A. (2014). The Workings of Simurgh Metaphor in Distributed Leadership. OALib, 01(03), pp.1-7. Mey, M., Lloyd, H. and Ramalingum, K. (2014). Ethical Leadership Essential for an Ethical Environment. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences.

The novel Things Fall Apart Essay Example For Students

The novel Things Fall Apart Essay The traditions and values in a society or civilization are essential for its fate and future well-being. Many times, a societys health is being reflected upon individuals and group attitudes toward the traditions and values. The author, Chinua Achebe explains this idea through the novel Things Fall Apart in which the Umuofian values of religion, personal achievements, and male superiority are questioned by many individuals. These questions spark conflict among the tribe and its people. As a result, the inflexible Umuofian traditions and values cause the cultures to fall apart. The religion in the Umuofian tribe has a dominant control over the social and political life of its people which caused the tribe to break apart. The head of the religious hierarchy in the tribe consists of the oracle which is perceived as the most supreme (Clayton 1). Being the most supreme ruler, the Oracle has the absolute power in making arbitrary decisions in both social and political issues. The Oracle is fixed in its decisions and not tolerant of any changes. Therefore, even the most far-fetched decisions are expected to be carried out in full obedience. In the scene where Ikemefuma is told to be killed, the messenger, Ogbuefi Ezedu confronts Okonkwo and says The Oracle of the Hills and the Caves has pronounced it. We will write a custom essay on The novel Things Fall Apart specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now They will take him outside Umuofia as is the custom, and kill him there (Achebe 57). This issue is resolved by only one representative, the Oracle. There is no consensus from which bodies of members could discuss over these issues. As a result, the decisions which are made are irrational and illogical as shown by the killing of Ikemefuma. Most importantly, without a body of legislatives, there is a separation between low class of tribal members and the high class of religious members, which weakens the tribe as a whole. A similar situation is shown by where old people and twins are left in the Evil Forest to die (Sarr 2). Both the killing of Ikemefuma and twins left to die in Evil Forest are highly related. All of these decisions are based on superstition in which individuals question their moral standards. Nwoye, son of Okonkwo describes seeing twins left in the forest as the same feeling when Ikemefuma is killed (Achebe 62). This feeling that Nwoye had eventually made him realized the cruelty and immorality of the tribes beliefs. Consequently, when the missionaries arrive, Nwoye accepts the Christians alternate view of love and acceptance. He responds to their message by turning away from his tribe, which influence many others to do so with the same values. Moreover, Obierkas reasons for opposition to religious authority are even more subtle. While Okonkwo ask for his presence in Ikemefuma death, Obierika simply replies Because I not want to (Achebe 66). This defiant assertion demonstrates Obierika direct disagreement on the full authority of the religion. It may be assumed that Obierika wants a change in this society where the full control of religion is minimized and transferred to the hands of the people. Not only would religion be a factor in the cultures destruction but also other traditions and values which would open up the Pandoras Box in the society. Besides religion, the emphasis on individual values and achievement cause major downturn in the Umuofia tribe. The Umuofia tribe greatly focuses on the value of masculinity by demonstrating the significance of the wrestling match. In the beginning of the book, Okonkwo has a lot of fame by throwing Amalinze the Cat (Achebe 3). Since this society stress the value on physical strength, individuals have to prove themselves in order to receive a high position in the tribe. Thus, individuals will eventually become obsessed with strength and fearful of weakness. Okonkwo is one prime individual who is greatly impacted by this notion. During the slaughter of Ikemefuma, the author states that Okonkwo his machete and him down. He afraid of being thought as weak (Achebe 61). .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9 , .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9 .postImageUrl , .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9 , .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9:hover , .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9:visited , .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9:active { border:0!important; } .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9:active , .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9 .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u86a78b0a07581fbf2777405ea1b89ad9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare and contrast David and Lucys EssayThe action that Okonkwo made is rather irrational and rashful based on his fear of weakness. However, the cause of Okonkwos attitude is influenced by the tribes culture of achievement and masculinity. As individuals such as Okonkwo try to become strong, they become unnoticed that their downfall is right at their doors. As a result, the tribes unity is broken as a whole due to individual downfalls in the society. Moreover, the positions in tribe are important in determining economic success such that a mans prestige is in direct proportion to the size of barns and compounds, number of titles (Sarr 2). A detriment problem is associated with this tradition as individuals who have physical strength tend to have higher recognitions in the tribe compare to those who do not have the masculinity. As a result, those individuals with higher status will own more economic wealth than the lower class. This unequal distribution of wealth in the society causes the immense division of the Ibo society and eventually leading to its downfall. The fear of failures in individuals and the separation of social classes lead to the disunity of the tribe however the discrimination on women delivered a final blow to the Umuofia village. The lacks of feminine importance in the Umuofia tribe bring the tribe to its end. Women are supposed to be partners and helpers of men and have to be treated with respect. However, the Ibo tribe reverses this idea of women and brings male to superiority. Uchendu describes the status of men as the head of the family and his wives do his bidding (Achebe 133). The Ibo culture is base on male prosperity where only the men could achieve high social status. In contrast to men, women are regarded as unnecessary objects and had to obey the commands of men. Hence, women could not voice out their opinions and ideas in the society. These opinions and ideas could help advance the society in politics, technology, and education. Without the equal rights of women and men, the Ibo tribe would not develop but rather contract and wither away. In the content of agriculture and farming, men own the yams, the king of crops (Osei-Nyame 8). Even through agriculture, the men gets dominate rights over the women in deciding the crops to own because the male society believes that women are weak and failures. Consequently, women are deprived of their natural abilities and a division among males and females occurs in the tribe. In addition to mens superiority, men could also abuse their power by beating their wives. The author states that Okonkwo back to his obi . . . and when she he her very heavily (Achebe 29). Since wife-beating is common in the Ibo tribe, women have a large opposition against the superiority of men. The form of opposition comes through passive questions and doubts which provide a further insecurity in the tribe. Fables and folktales told by women suggest the fact that female questions and ideas are implemented into the male culture of the Ibo tribe. The unequal rights of women and the disrespect for female virtues lead to the devastating fate of the Ibo tribe. The authoritarian attitude towards the questioning of traditions and values in the Umuofia tribe result in the downfall of the tribe. In fact, the dominant control of religion over individuals life, the emphasis on the value of achievement, and the lack of feminine importance contribute to peoples distrust on higher authority. When people doubt and seek change in a society, the welfare of a nation falls apart just like the Umuofian village in Things Fall Apart.

Free Essays on Pink Floyds The Wall

Pink Floyd's "The Wall" is more than just a CD; it's a surreal experience through the mind of a genius. It’s 26 unique, flowing pieces of amazing music. Roger Waters’s first inspiration for this album was his feelings of alienation from himself the experiences presented in the album can be applied to any problem or "wall" in ones mind. Each song connects to the next one, making for no pauses or stops between the masterpieces. Also it makes you sit down and listen to the entire CD to get all the enjoyment out of it, not just skip to the singles. Possibly some of the most famous songs in rock history are on this CD, those being all the bricks in the wall (3) and comfortably numb. But those are only a few of the great songs. Some songs of more personally experience would be the ones such as Mother, Bring the boys back home, and Nobody Home, which refer to how his dad was in WWII. Also songs about how society creates barriers such as Goodbye Blue Sky and The Thin Ice of Life. Life is also very unforgiving, Roger Waters bring this up in songs like Hey You and Run like Hell. The musical genre of Pink Floyd can only be described as incredible, or Floydian. The mix of constant , yet laid back , drums with calm fills and streaming guitar with easy to the ear licks and a bass the doesn’t crowd the stage is superb. And who can forget the vocals that send out the unforgettable life lessons and messages. This album is a necessity to anyone who likes to think of themselves as a classic rock listener, better yet any who considers themselves an enjoyer of music.... Free Essays on Pink Floyd's The Wall Free Essays on Pink Floyd's The Wall Pink Floyd's "The Wall" is more than just a CD; it's a surreal experience through the mind of a genius. It’s 26 unique, flowing pieces of amazing music. Roger Waters’s first inspiration for this album was his feelings of alienation from himself the experiences presented in the album can be applied to any problem or "wall" in ones mind. Each song connects to the next one, making for no pauses or stops between the masterpieces. Also it makes you sit down and listen to the entire CD to get all the enjoyment out of it, not just skip to the singles. Possibly some of the most famous songs in rock history are on this CD, those being all the bricks in the wall (3) and comfortably numb. But those are only a few of the great songs. Some songs of more personally experience would be the ones such as Mother, Bring the boys back home, and Nobody Home, which refer to how his dad was in WWII. Also songs about how society creates barriers such as Goodbye Blue Sky and The Thin Ice of Life. Life is also very unforgiving, Roger Waters bring this up in songs like Hey You and Run like Hell. The musical genre of Pink Floyd can only be described as incredible, or Floydian. The mix of constant , yet laid back , drums with calm fills and streaming guitar with easy to the ear licks and a bass the doesn’t crowd the stage is superb. And who can forget the vocals that send out the unforgettable life lessons and messages. This album is a necessity to anyone who likes to think of themselves as a classic rock listener, better yet any who considers themselves an enjoyer of music....

The extent of oligopoly essays

The extent of oligopoly essays Oligopoly is a market structure dominated by a small number Of large firms, selling either identical or differentiated products, and there are significant barriers to entry into the industry. This is one of four basic market structures. The other three are perfect competition, monopoly, and monopolistic competition. Oligopoly being a general market structure category, dominates the modern economic landscape. About half of the output produced in the worlds economy can be traced to oligopolistic industries. Oligopolistic industries are as diverse as they are widespread. Oligopoly ranges from breakfast cereal to cars, from computers to aircrafts, from television broadcasting to pharmaceuticals, from petroleum to detergent. Because each firm in an oligopolistic industry is relatively large, each has a substantial degree of market control. It's not total control like in a situation of monopoly, but it's significantly greater than that of a monopolistically competitive firm. While monopolistic competition and oligopoly have distinct identifiable characteristics, they really form a continuum on the spectrum of market structures. Any boundary separating oligopoly from monopolistic competition is fuzzy at beast. An industry that's monopolistically competitive in a large city, for example, might be oligopolistic in a smaller town. A key feature of oligopoly is interdependence among firms in an industry. The actions of one firm depend on the actions of another. In both perfect competition and monopolistic competition the actions of one firm have no affect on other firms. Each firm is so small relative to the overall market, that firms are independent. And of course monopoly is the only firm in an industry, so interdependence is not a relevant issue. Oligopolistic interdependence creates a number of interesting economic issues. One is the tendency for competing oligopolistic firms to turn into cooperating oligopolistic firms. Whe...

Effectiveness and coherence in the EU legal order would be better Essay

Effectiveness and coherence in the EU legal order would be better served if provisions in directives were deemed capable of horizontal direct effect - Essay Example This case highlighted that horizontal direct effect is concerned with the relationship of individuals and companies whereas vertical direct effect is concerned with the state’s obligation to ensure its observance and its compatibility with national law thereby allowing actions against the state. (Craig and de Burca, 2003) Directives generally do not have horizontal effect and are usually only enforceable against the state. It was noted in Courage Ltd v Crehan (Case c-453/99) that regulations can have horizontal direct effect. Directives are instructions issued through the EU that specify the result that is to be achieved by the implementation of the Directive. Governments can implement the directive in any manner they choose so long as the end result embodies the spirit of the directive. As directives only specify the expected result they cannot have direct effect. Directives do no create rights. (Craig and de Burca, 2003) There are some occasions where the courts have given direct effect to a directive such as in the case of Grad v Finanzamt Traunstein (Case 9/70) [1970] ECR 825 which was involved with VAT. In this case the European Court of Justice made the ruling that a directive and a decision could have direct effect if they imposed an obligation to achieve a required result. In order for someone to rely on the directives the government’s have to ensure that the directive has been implemented. In cases where the implementation of the directive has passed and the government has not implemented it the courts will have to decide whether the claimant can still rely on the directive. In Pubblico Ministero v. Ratti (Case 148/78) [1979] ECR 1629 the defendant had violated an Italian law in order to comply with an EEC directive on product packaging. The Italian government was seeking to prosecute the defendant for breaking the law. The courts stated in this case that the Italian

Alternatives of Monetary System Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Alternatives of Monetary System - Case Study Example Such systems are vulnerable to inflation since there are no clear regulations on supply of exchange commodities (McEachern, 2012). Furthermore, the system would be subject to â€Å"double coincident of wants† whereby buyers not only search for commodities that they want but also people who are ready to accept their commodity. Valuable commodities such as precious metals would also be used as a medium of exchange in countries with broken monetary systems. Communities in the affected countries can also designate certain products to replace money. Such products would be selected according to their portability and availability. Preferred commodities should be portable, scarce, and relatively durable. In the case of a prison environment, cigarettes were the preferred currency due to their scarcity and portability. Virtual money can also be used in place of local currency. In a world supported by technology, virtual money can provide a suitable medium of exchange if the system is ad ministered by independent bodies (Bade, & Michael, 2002). Postage stamps can also be used as a currency since they have currency value printed on them. Thus, the choice for a medium of exchange would depend on the concerned society and the immediate economic/monetary  needs.

Cultural Context Question - Rough Draft Essay Example for Free

Cultural Context Question Rough Draft Essay Q. â€Å"A reader can feel uncomfortable with the values and attitudes presented in texts† Compare the extent to which the values and attitudes that you encountered, in at least two texts on your comparative course, made you feel uncomfortable. A.The texts i have chosen to write about is the play Sive by John B Keane, the novel How Many Miles To Babylon? (Babylon) by Jennifer Johnson and the film Im Not Scared (INS) directed by Gabriele Salvatores. In the play Sive, Mena is a powerful women who controls her husband just as Alicia controls her husband in Babylon. Both of these women make me feel uncomfortable because the women can wield their household to the detriment of others. This is not apparent in INS. The manipulation of men by women is completely absent in INS. There is a lack of communication between Mike and Mena Glavin. This is due to how the marriage of the Glavins was convenient contract rather than a romance. This is also evident in the marriage of the Moores. Alicia Moore is a cold hearted women who dismisses her husband as a ‘ineffective’ man. Mike and Frederick are similar in this way. They are incapable of withstanding the pressures placed on them by their wives. They yield to these pressures. Men are depicted as weak and easy to manipulate or intrusive bullies like Major Glendinnig and Thomaseen Rua who are cruel cynics hat impose their wills on others with cruelty. In sive, Thomaseen Rua threatens Nanna. A corresponding moment occurs in Babylon when Major Glendinning threatens the soldiers before he battle. This is a very disturbing image to me because Major Glendinning is a callous and cruel man. Just as Thomaseen is to sive. The portrait of men in the play is just as negative as in the novel. In he film the image of men is exceedingly negative. The men are eiher brutal, hostile individuals or weak complicit allies of the sadistic Sergio. Sergio reminds us of Glendinning, he accuses the men of being imcompotent and stupid. Mike betrays his niece in order to gain money for his tremendous greed. He chooses to feed his gluttony instead of the truthful, right thing. The only decent male in the play is Liam  Scuab. He has courage and courtesy to respect Sive as she wants to be respected. Just as alec is an courteous man in Babylon. His heroic sacrifice is doneout of love for his best friend. He knows that he will die but does it anyway. In the book Babylon, the social class have a huge impact on the people. In sive it is not such this way. Alicia doesn’t want Alec near jerry because of the differences between the amounts of money their parents make. Although we observe the extreme poverty of Carthalawn and Pats Bocock and the relative wealth of Sean Dota, there is not the same division in the play as there is in the novel. He differences in social status does not create the same tension is Sive as it does in the novel. Alicia ensured her social position by marrying Frederick in much the same way as the Glavins are trying to marry Sive off to Sean Dota. Sive has a relationship with Liam scuab a local boy and the different social status is not an obstacle for them. The differences in social staus creates conflict. These are not only to do with money but religion, education and politics as well. In INS and Babylon, this issue is palpable. In both these texts, people are willing to kill for personal gain. The portrayal of men in both texts is a disturbing one. This is evident. Either the men are pathetic, feeble men or brutal animals. Frederick moore is a drained man. His wife is a malicious women who always gets her own way because Frederick is too old and tired to fight with her anymore. Just as mike is with mena. He choses not to fight anymore for a sense of peace in his life. He goes against his morals to give her what she wants out of greed and his timid nature towards mena. This theme of weak, feeble or mericiless, heartless men is typical of both texts. We see similar abusive cruelty in the film through the male gang members led by Sergio. While betrayal is conveyed in an interesting way in Babylon when Frederick lets Alicia get her own way despite alec’s protests, it is conveyed more intensely in sive when mike lets mena sell sive off to sean doa for their own gain. This is a very disturbing image. Betrayal is also a highly strong theme in INS. Sergio gets betrayed by his own son when Michele find filipo  hidden in the whole in the ground. He helps the young boy. This is seen as betrayal to Sergio. The values and attitudes presented in these texts are very disturbing. They will make you feel uncomfortable and edgy. Study the values and attitudes of these three texts has been an enjoyable experience and i have learned more about different social back grounds, different views on life and more. These three texts are a good example of how people may rise above society and what is expected to grow as a race and choose to change things around for equality.